{"id":6301,"date":"2026-05-27T20:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-05-27T18:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aequus.fr\/journaldebord\/?p=6301"},"modified":"2026-05-28T20:50:45","modified_gmt":"2026-05-28T18:50:45","slug":"parasitisme-social-chez-les-bourdons-coucous","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aequus.fr\/journaldebord\/parasitisme-social-chez-les-bourdons-coucous\/","title":{"rendered":"Parasitisme social chez les bourdons-coucous"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/aequus.fr\/journaldebord\/wp-content\/uploads\/IMG_4025-1024x768.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6304\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aequus.fr\/journaldebord\/wp-content\/uploads\/IMG_4025-1024x768.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/aequus.fr\/journaldebord\/wp-content\/uploads\/IMG_4025-300x225.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/aequus.fr\/journaldebord\/wp-content\/uploads\/IMG_4025-768x576.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/aequus.fr\/journaldebord\/wp-content\/uploads\/IMG_4025-1536x1151.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/aequus.fr\/journaldebord\/wp-content\/uploads\/IMG_4025-2048x1535.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Connaissez-vous une esp\u00e8ce d\u2019hym\u00e9nopt\u00e8re qui cocherait toutes les cases du vice ? usurpation, esclavagisme, gestion locative ? C \u2019est le <em><strong>bourdon coucou.<\/strong><\/em><br>J&rsquo;\u00e9tais occup\u00e9 \u00e0 brouter paisiblement dans mon pr\u00e9 carr\u00e9, lorsqu&rsquo;attir\u00e9 par les cris et les vols erratiques, j&rsquo;ai lev\u00e9 le nez. Mes carpes ko\u00ef \u00e9taient entrain de compter les points dans une bataille de territoire qui \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 bien entam\u00e9e.<br>Le raffut provenait de cette vieille bourdonne que tout le monde craint au terrier.. Dame Matonne arrive toujours avec un peu tard dans le printemps, au moment o\u00f9 les autres ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 bien travaill\u00e9.<br>Cette femelle <em>Bombus vestalis<\/em>, dite \u00ab bourdon coucou \u00bb, est un parasite social obligatoire de Bombus terrestris., le gentil bourdon que tout le monde conna\u00eet ; D\u00e9pourvue de corbeilles \u00e0 pollen et de capacit\u00e9 fondatrice, Dame Matonne ne construit pas de nid. Son cycle d\u00e9bute tardivement, apr\u00e8s l\u2019\u00e9tablissement de la colonie h\u00f4te.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sa strat\u00e9gie d\u2019infiltration proc\u00e8de par mim\u00e9tisme chimique : elle s\u2019impr\u00e8gne des hydrocarbures cuticulaires de la colonie cible en se frottant aux alv\u00e9oles. Cette dissimulation olfactive lui permet d\u2019\u00e9liminer la reine fondatrice sans d\u00e9clencher d\u2019agression. Elle s&rsquo;approprie alors le m\u00e2le h\u00f4te et la descendance ouvri\u00e8re en d\u00e9veloppement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les ouvri\u00e8res \u00e9mergentes, filles de la reine tu\u00e9e, \u00e9l\u00e8vent la prog\u00e9niture de la parasite. B. vestalis ne produit aucune caste ouvri\u00e8re. Sa ponte est exclusivement constitu\u00e9e d\u2019individus sexu\u00e9s, futurs m\u00e2les et reines. La force de travail est int\u00e9gralement issue de l\u2019h\u00f4te et op\u00e8re au b\u00e9n\u00e9fice de la lign\u00e9e parasitaire.<br>C&rsquo;est un cas de cleptoparasitisme reproducteur avec usurpation de nid et esclavage larvaire. En termes \u00e9conomiques, l\u2019esp\u00e8ce a \u00ab externalis\u00e9 \u00bb la nidification et l\u2019approvisionnement au profit d\u2019une sp\u00e9cialisation dans la reproduction sexu\u00e9e. On peut y voir l\u2019\u00e9quivalent biologique d\u2019une OPE hostile : par la prise de contr\u00f4le d\u2019une unit\u00e9 de production fonctionnelle, l&rsquo;\u00e9viction de la direction en place, la conservation des actifs et r\u00e9orientation de la production \u00e0 l&rsquo;avantage du parasite.<br>Bombus vestalis illustre une optimisation \u00e9volutive vers le parasitisme : la r\u00e9duction des structures de r\u00e9colte, la perte de l\u2019instinct fondateur, la maximisation du rendement reproducteur via l\u2019exploitation d\u2019une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9\u00e9tablie. La colonie h\u00f4te maintient l\u2019illusion d\u2019une continuit\u00e9 fonctionnelle, alors que la finalit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9tique a \u00e9t\u00e9 substitu\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une strat\u00e9gie sobre, efficace, et remarquablement peu syndicale.<br>D\u00e9cid\u00e9ment le r\u00e8gne animal est truff\u00e9 de Tartuffe et d&rsquo;importuns, finalement les bip\u00e8des ne sont peut-\u00eatre pas aussi terribles ?<br>Kandide<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences : Bellmann, 2006 ; Chinery, 1973.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Connaissez-vous une esp\u00e8ce d\u2019hym\u00e9nopt\u00e8re qui cocherait toutes les cases du vice ? usurpation, esclavagisme, gestion locative ? C \u2019est le [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,38],"tags":[1494,1493,1496,1498,1495,1499,1497,1500,1502],"class_list":["post-6301","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-comanim","category-uvdc","tag-bombus-vestalis","tag-bourdon","tag-carpe-koi","tag-cleptoparasitisme","tag-matonne","tag-ope","tag-ouvrieres","tag-parasite","tag-tartuffe"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aequus.fr\/journaldebord\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6301","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aequus.fr\/journaldebord\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aequus.fr\/journaldebord\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aequus.fr\/journaldebord\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aequus.fr\/journaldebord\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6301"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/aequus.fr\/journaldebord\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6301\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6307,"href":"https:\/\/aequus.fr\/journaldebord\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6301\/revisions\/6307"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aequus.fr\/journaldebord\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6301"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aequus.fr\/journaldebord\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6301"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aequus.fr\/journaldebord\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6301"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}